0ATHFINDERS PUT PRESSURE ON HISTORIC HOUSING )NSTITUTE OF (ISTORIC "UILDING #ONSERVATION .O .OVEMBER
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# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 #ONTEXT 4(% ).34)454% /& ()34/2)# "5),$).' #/.3%26!4)/. WWW IHBC ORG UK 2EGISTERED AS A #HARITY .UMBER #OMPANY ,IMITED BY 'UARANTEE 2EGISTERED IN %NGLAND .UMBER 2EGISTERED /FFICE 3TAFFORD 2OAD 4UNBRIDGE7ELLS +ENT 4. 1: )("# /FFICERS 0RESIDENT $AVID ,OVIE EMAIL PRESIDENT IHBC ORG UK #HAIRMAN %DDIE "OOTH EMAIL CHAIR IHBC ORG UK 6ICE #HAIR 2ONNIE 2OBERTSON EMAIL VVCMEMBERSHIP IHBC ORG UK 6ICE #HAIR *OHN9ATES EMAIL VCPOLICY IHBC ORG UK 3ECRETARY 2ICHARD -ORRICE EMAIL SECRETARY IHBC ORG UK 4REASURER -ICHAEL +NIGHTS EMAIL TREASURER IHBC ORG UK -EMBERSHIP 3ECRETARY 6ACANT EMAIL MEMBERSHIP IHBC ORG UK #ONSULTATIONS 3ECRETARY $AVE #HETWYN EMAIL CONSULTATIONS IHBC ORG UK ,AW 0RACTICE #OORDINATOR 6ACANT EMAIL LAW IHBC ORG UK %DUCATION 3ECRETARY *OHN 0RESTON EMAIL EDUCATION IHBC ORG UK 0UBLICITY 3ECRETARY 3ARAH "UCKINGHAM EMAIL PUBLICITY IHBC ORG UK "RANCH /FFICERS .ORTH *OHN 0ENDLEBURY 4EL .ORTH7EST 'RAHAM !RNOLD 4EL 9ORKSHIRE 3TEPHEN "ATEMAN 4EL 7EST -IDLANDS +AREN (OLYOAKE 4EL %AST -IDLANDS &IONA .EWTON 4EL 3OUTH 'ILL "UTTER 4EL 3OUTH7EST #OLIN %LLIS 4EL %AST !NGLIA -IKE -C#ONNELL 4EL 3OUTH %AST 0AUL "ARKER 4EL ,ONDON *ON &INNEY 4EL 3COTLAND #HARLES 3TRANG 4EL 7ALES .ATHAN "LANCHARD 4EL . )RELAND ,AURENCE -ANOGUE4EL 2EPUBLIC OF )RELAND "ERNARD $EE 4EL "USINESS /FFICE *UBILEE (OUSE (IGH 3TREET 4ISBURY 7ILTSHIRE 30 (! %NGLAND 4EL &AX EMAIL ADMIN IHBC ORG UK #OVER ! VIEW OF .ELSON FROM THE NORTH 5NTIL RECENTLY A LARGE AREA OF THE TOWN WAS THREATENED WITH DEMOLITION SEE P 0HOTO ¥%NGLISH (ERITAGE )F YOU DON T REMEMBER THE Sx %DITORIAL AREAS AT THE VERY EARLIEST STAGES 4HEY MUST PROVIDE INFORMATION ON HISTORIC CHARACTER TO GUIDE NOT ONLY THE REPAIR AND REFURBISHMENT OF BUILDINGS AND THE PUBLIC REALM BUT ALSO NEW DESIGN AND LAYOUT -ICHAEL 4AYLOR P HERALDS THIS AS @A ONCE IN A WORKING LIFETIME OPPORTUNITY FOR THE PAST TO INFORM THE FUTURE 7HEN SUCH PHASES OCCURRED IN THE PAST THERE WAS LITTLE APPRECIATION OR UNDERSTANDING OF THE VALUE OF OUR RECENT HISTORY AND VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE 4HIS IS THE FIRST OCCASION ON WHICH THE CONSERVATION MOVEMENT CAN SEEK TO INFLUENCE SUCH A MAJOR PROGRAMME )T IS NOT JUST A MATTER OF LOOKING BACK 5NDERSTANDING WHAT PEOPLE VALUE n AND HAVE VALUED IN THE PAST n ABOUT THE PLACES WHERE THEY LIVE MAY BE THE KEY TO ADAPTING THOSE PLACES TO NEW WAYS OF LIVING 4AYLOR POINTS TO DEVELOPER 5RBAN 3PLASH S INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO THE REUSE OF TERRACED HOUSING WHICH CHALLENGES THE IDEA THAT BLANKET CLEARANCE IS THE ONLY SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS OF LOW HOUSING DEMAND IN THE PATHFINDER AREAS "EFORE WE BRING BACK THE BULLDOZER WE SHOULD FULLY EXPLORE SUCH IMAGINATIVE IDEAS OF HOW WE MIGHT RETAIN AND ADAPT AN URBAN FORM THAT DEFINES HUGE AREAS OF "RITAIN S CITIES #ONSERVATION KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ARE KEYS TO URBAN RENAISSANCE AS NEVER BEFORE 4HIS ISSUE OF #ONTEXT HIGHLIGHTS QUESTIONS THAT ARE BEING ASKED ABOUT THE FUTURE OF SOME OF OUR TOWNS AND CITIES (ENRY /WEN *OHN P NOTES HOW INDUSTRIAL DECLINE AND MIGRATION FROM URBAN CENTRES HAVE CREATED AN OVERSUPPLY OF HOUSING IN LARGE PARTS OF THE URBAN HEARTLANDS OF THE FORMER INDUSTRIAL NORTH AND MIDLANDS -ANY OF THE AREAS AFFECTED BY LOW DEMAND ARE HISTORIC PLACES CREATED BY THE INDUSTRIES THAT MADE "RITAIN A POWERHOUSE OF WORLD MANUFACTURING IN THE TH AND EARLY TH CENTURIES 4HE GOVERNMENT S PROPOSED RESPONSE n LARGE SCALE DEMOLITION n WOULD AMOUNT TO THE MOST SIGNIFICANT INTERVENTION IN THE PHYSICAL FABRIC OF THESE PLACES IN YEARS 7HICH AREAS SHOULD BE CLEARED (OW CAN THE AREAS BE STITCHED BACK TOGETHER THROUGH GOOD PLANNING AND DESIGN 4HE LAST TIME SUCH ACTION WAS TAKEN IN THE SLUM CLEARANCE PROGRAMMES OF THE S OUR UNDERSTANDING OF PLACEMAKING AND DESIGNING IN A HISTORIC CONTEXT PROVED TO BE LAMENTABLY DEFICIENT 4HIS TIME /WEN *OHN URGES THE SKILLS OF PEOPLE WHO UNDERSTAND THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT MUST BE APPLIED IN THE GOVERNMENT S @PATHFINDER "RIEFING 0ERIODICALLY &ROM THE WEBSITE )("# IN 2OMANIA $AVID "AXTER $ESIGN THAT HAS STOOD THE TEST OF TIME .ICK #OLLINS 0ATHFINDERS AT 2EGENERATION 3TREET -ICHAEL 4AYLOR 0ATHFINDERS AND THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT (ENRY /WEN *ONES 4RADITIONAL FARM BUILDING RESTORATION UNDER THE %2$0 0HILIP 7HITE AND 'ARY ,ARKMAN /BITUARY 2UTH 0ANTER (ERITAGE PROTECTION 2ESPONSE TO THE %GAN REVIEW .OTES FROM THE CHAIR 0ROFILE *OHN 0RESTON "OOK REVIEWS 0RODUCTS AND SERVICES
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 #ONTEXT %DITOR 2OBERT #OWAN %DITORIAL #OORDINATOR .IGEL "ARKER 7ORPLESDON 2OAD 'UILDFORD 3URREY '5 24 4EL EMAIL NIGEL UK YAHOO CO UK %DITORIAL "OARD .IGEL "ARKER CHAIR 3USAN "ROOKS TREASURER AND )4 .IGEL #ROWE MAIN FEATURES 0ETER DE &IGUEIREDO BOOK REVIEWS *ULIA 3MITH )("# BRANCHES -ICHAEL 4AYLOR MAIN FEATURES #ONTEXT IS DISTRIBUTED TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE )NSTITUTE OF (ISTORIC "UILDING #ONSERVATION ¥ )NSTITUTE OF (ISTORIC "UILDING #ONSERVATION )33. 0UBLISHER 0UBLISHED FOR THE )NSTITUTE OF (ISTORIC "UILDING #ONSERVATION BY #ATHEDRAL #OMMUNICATIONS ,IMITED (IGH 3TREET 4ISBURY 7ILTSHIRE %NGLAND 30 (! 4EL &AX EMAIL CONTEXT CATHCOMM DEMON CO UK WWW BUILDINGCONSERVATION COM .ON MEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS TO #ONTEXT #ONTEXT IS AVAILABLE TO NON MEMBERS OF THE )("# AT AN ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION RATE INCLUDING POSTAGE OF 5NITED +INGDOM a %LSEWHERE a 3UBSCRIPTION ORDERS TOGETHER WITH REMITTANCES PAYABLE TO )NSTITUTE OF (ISTORIC "UILDING #ONSERVATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE )("# "USINESS /FFICE AT *UBILEE (OUSE (IGH 3TREET 4ISBURY 7ILTSHIRE 30 (! 4HE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN #ONTEXT ARE NOT NECESSARILY THOSE HELD BY THE )("# NOR THE PUBLISHER .EITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE )("# SHALL BE UNDER ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER IN RESPECT OF CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES 7E GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGE THE SUPPORT OF FIRMS WHOSE ADVERTISEMENTS APPEAR THROUGHOUT THIS PUBLICATION 7HILE EVERY EFFORT HAS BEEN MADE TO ENSURE THAT THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS ISSUE OF #ONTEXT IS CURRENT AND CORRECT NEITHER THE )("# NOR THE PUBLISHER CAN BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ERRORS OR OMISSIONS WHICH MAY OCCUR "RIEFING #OPY DEADLINES #OPY DEADLINES FOR #ONTEXT IN )SSUE $ATE -ARCH )SSUE *ANUARY -AY )SSUE -ARCH *ULY )SSUE -AY 3EPTEMBER )SSUE *ULY .OVEMBER )SSUE 3EPTEMBER #ONTEXT IS PUBLISHED FIVE TIMES A YEAR IN -ARCH -AY *ULY 3EPTEMBER AND .OVEMBER 0ICKING UP THE PIECES 4HE RESTORATION OF 3HEFFIELD S 'RADE )) LISTED #HOLERA -ONUMENT IS DUE TO BE COMPLETE BY THE .EW9EAR THANKS TO A LOCAL PARTNERSHIP AND A GRANT OF MORE THAN a FROM THE (ERITAGE ,OTTERY &UND 4HE #HOLERA -ONUMENT COMMEMORATES THE PEOPLE WHO DIED IN 3HEFFIELD INCLUDING THE THEN MASTER CUTLER DURING THE NATIONAL CHOLERA EPIDEMIC OF $ESIGNED BY 3HEFFIELD ARCHITECT - % (ADFIELD IT IS STANDS IN ITS OWN GROUNDS OFF .ORFOLK 2OAD NEAR #LAY7OOD )T WAS PAID FOR BY PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTION 4HE MONUMENT WAS SEVERELY DAMAGED BY LIGHTNING IN THE STORMS OF LOSING MUCH OF ITS HEIGHT 4HE FALLEN PIECES HAVE BEEN KEPT IN STORAGE OR IN LOCAL PARKS AND OPEN SPACES SUCH AS 7HIRLOW "ROOK 0ARK AND 'RAVES 0ARK .OW ALL THE PARTS OF THE MONUMENT HAVE BEEN BROUGHT BACK TO THE SITE TO BE RESTORED 4HE STONEWORK IS BEING CLEANED AND REPAIRED USING NEW STONE AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE ORIGINAL 2IVELIN GRITSTONE ! NEW STAINLESS STEEL CORE IS BEING INSTALLED INSIDE THE MONUMENT TO JOIN THE STONE SECTIONS TOGETHER REINSTATING IT TO ITS FULL HEIGHT 4HREE STATUES SYMBOLISING FAITH HOPE AND CHARITY WILL BE REINSTATED ! CROSS WILL RETURN TO THE TOP OF THE MONUMENT BUT THIS TIME IT WILL BE ALUMINIUM SO IT CAN ACT AS A LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR 4HE #HOLERA -ONUMENT WILL BE LIT AT NIGHT AND THE SURROUNDING GROUNDS WILL BE RESTORED .EW INTERPRETATION MATERIAL FOCUSING ON LOCAL PEOPLE S MEMORIES AND SENSE OF PLACE WILL BE INSTALLED TO HIGHLIGHT THE MONUMENT S IMPORTANCE TO LOCAL HISTORY %NGLISH (ERITAGE HAS RECENTLY LISTED THE MONUMENT GROUNDS ON THE .ATIONAL 2EGISTER OF 0ARKS AND 'ARDENS AT 'RADE )) 4HE PARTNERSHIP FOR THE RESTORATION IS *IM (URLEY OF 3HEFFIELD )NTERIOR 3OLUTIONS THE &RIENDS OF THE #HOLERA -ONUMENT 'ROUNDS 3HEFFIELD7ILDLIFE 4RUST -ANOR AND #ASTLE $EVELOPMENT 4RUST AND 3HEFFIELD #ITY #OUNCIL .OW YOU SEE IT 4HE7EST &RONT OF 3T 0AUL S #ATHEDRAL HAS BEEN COVERED BY ONE OF THE LARGEST PRINTED IMAGES EVER SEEN IN ,ONDON 4AKEN FROM A ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING OF THE7EST &RONT BY !RTHUR & % 0OLEY THE IMAGE MEASURES METRES WIDE BY METRES HIGH /VER THE NEXT YEAR IT WILL BE IN PLACE WHILE THE7EST &RONT IS CLEANED AND REPAIRED 4HE IMAGE PRINTED ON 06# HAS BEEN CREATED AND INSTALLED BY -EGA 0ROFILE 4HE7EST &RONT IS BEING CLEANED AND REPAIRED AS PART OF THE CATHEDRAL S a MILLION INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL RESTORATION SCHEME 4HIS MARKS THE TH ANNIVERSARY IN OF THE LAYING OF THE FINAL STONE ON THE LANTERN IN THE PRESENCE OF 3IR #HRISTOPHER 7REN 4HE CLEANING AND REPAIR OF THE ENTIRE 7EST &RONT OF 3T 0AUL S AS WELL AS THE REBUILDING OF THE7EST 3TEPS IS BEING FUNDED BY A DONATION OF a MILLION FROM THE LATE 3IR 0AUL 'ETTY 4HE PRINTED TEMPORARY7EST &RONT OF 3T 0AUL S
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 $IRECTOR FOR CHURCHES TRUST 4HE #HURCHES #ONSERVATION 4RUST HAS APPOINTED #RISPIN 4RUMAN PREVIOUSLY CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF THE MENTAL HEALTH CHARITY THE 2EVOLVING $OORS !GENCY AS ITS NEW DIRECTOR 4HIS MOVE SIGNALS A NEW APPROACH FOR THE NATIONAL BODY WHICH CONSERVES AND PRESERVES OVER %NGLISH CHURCHES OF HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL OR ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE 4HE TRUST AIMS TO WIDEN USE OF ITS CHURCHES BOTH RURAL AND URBAN )T WANTS TO DEVELOP THE USE OF ITS CHURCHES BY DIFFERENT GROUPS IN THE COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTING TO THEIR LONG TERM CONSERVATION 4HE CHARITY HAS ALSO APPOINTED $ARYL &RASER AS HEAD OF ACCESS 0RIDE OF 0LACE AWARDS !PPLICATIONS ARE BEING INVITED FOR THE $AVID +NIGHTLY #HARITABLE 4RUST S 0RIDE OF 0LACE !WARDS !WARDS OF a a ARE AVAILABLE TO VOLUNTARY GROUPS UNDERTAKING PRACTICAL PROJECTS TO ENHANCE CONSERVE OR RESTORE THE QUALITY OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT OF THEIR TOWN CITY OR VILLAGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE WHOLE COMMUNITY 4HE AWARDS WERE ESTABLISHED IN BY $AVID +NIGHTLY A7ILTSHIRE BUSINESSMAN TO HELP VOLUNTARY GROUPS LIKE CIVIC SOCIETIES IMPLEMENT EXEMPLAR PROJECTS &OR MORE INFORMATION WRITE TO THE ADMINISTRATOR 0RIDE OF 0LACE !WARDS &ERNDENE 2OAD 7ITHINGTON -ANCHESTER - 44 4HE CLOSING DATE FOR APPLICATIONS IS &EBRUARY 2ESPONSE TO THE %GAN REVIEW 4HE )("# HAS SUBMITTED ITS RESPONSE TO THE %GAN REVIEW SEE P FOR THE TEXT 4HE /$0- SET UP THE %GAN 4ASK 'ROUP EARLIER THIS YEAR TO CONDUCT A REVIEW OF THE SKILLS THAT BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONALS REQUIRE TO HELP DELIVER SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES 4HE REVIEW S TERMS OF REFERENCE ARE TO CONDUCT A REVIEW OF THE SKILLS AND CAPACITY OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONS INCLUDING PLANNING SURVEYING REGENERATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURE DESIGN CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURING REQUIRED TO DELIVER SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES )N PARTICULAR THE REVIEW IS LOOKING AT s 4HE SKILLS NEEDED BY PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL STAFF IN BOTH THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR ELECTED LOCAL AUTHORITY MEMBERS AND MEMBERS OF LOCAL STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS s 4HE GAPS AND SHORTCOMINGS IN SKILLS AND CAPACITY s 4HE IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AND HOW THESE MIGHT BE BETTER DELIVERED n ESPECIALLY THROUGH TRIAL PROJECTS s (OW TO DEVELOP MECHANISMS FOR SHARING KNOWLEDGE GOOD PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE OF WAYS IN WHICH THESE SKILLS CAN BE PROVIDED ACROSS THE COUNTRY AND DEVELOP NEW APPROACHES /THER QUESTIONS THAT THE TASK GROUP IS ASKING INCLUDE s 7HAT IS A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY 7HAT ARE THE CRITERIA s 7HAT PROCESSES ARE NEEDED s $OES THE PLANNING PROCESS HELP DELIVER SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES 4HE REPORT IS EXPECTED TO MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS INCLUDING OPTIONS FOR ACTION BY GOVERNMENT AND OTHERS INCLUDING THE PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS 4HE MEMBERS OF THE TASK GROUP ARE -ARTIN $ONOHUE 7ESTBURY (OMES 0ETER *OHNSON 7IMPEY 2ICHARD -C#ARTHY 0EABODY 4RUST $AN *ONES ,EAN %NTERPRISE 2ESEARCH #ENTRE 5NIVERSITY OF 3WANSEA 2EBECCA 'EORGE )"- 5+ "RIAN "RISCOE ,OCAL 'OVERNMENT !SSOCIATION EX COUNTY PLANNER +EVIN -URRAY EX PRESIDENT 240) "OB7ORCESTER -/2) 3TUART ,IPTON #!"% (ONOR #HAPMAN ,ONDON $EVELOPMENT !GENCY 2OBIN .ICHOLSON %DWARD #ULLINAN !RCHITECTS AND "RYAN 3ANDERSON ,EARNING AND 3KILLS #OUNCIL -ARTYRS -EMORIAL 4HE MAIN CONTRACTOR FOR THE CONSERVATION AND CLEANING OF THE -ARTYRS -EMORIAL IN /XFORD @2ESTORING THE -ARTYRS -EMORIAL #ONTEXT *ULY WAS .IMBUS #ONSERVATION OF &ROME IN 3OMERSET A COMPANY OF STONE CONSERVATORS WHICH WORKS THROUGHOUT THE 5+ ON HISTORIC BUILDINGS 3IR *OHN %GAN 3TABILISING "LAENAVON 7ORK ON STABILISING AND CONSERVING RETAINING WALLS BUILT INTO THE HILLSIDE BEHIND FIVE FURNACES HAS BEEN THE LATEST STAGE OF CONSERVING "LAENAVON )RONWORKS IN 3OUTH7ALES FOR #ADW #INTEC ANCHORS HAVE BEEN USED TO STABILISE WALLS OF UNKNOWN AND INCONSISTENT STRUCTURE 4HE ANCHORS HAVE BEEN TERMINATED WITHIN THE WALLS ALLOWING THE MASONRY TO BE RESET IN POSITION ! DESIGNATED7ORLD (ERITAGE 3ITE "LAENAVON WAS ONE OF THE FIRST LARGE SCALE CENTRES OF IRON PRODUCTION )T IS NOW ONE OF %UROPE S BEST PRESERVED TH CENTURY IRONWORKS 6ISITORS CAN TRACE THE ENTIRE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION FROM THE CHARGING OF RAW MATERIALS FROM THE HILLTOP RAILWAY LINE INTO THE FURNACES TO THE MOVEMENT OF IRON BY WATER BALANCE TOWER BACK UP THE HILLSIDE FOR DESPATCH 4HE SITE WAS ONE OF A STRING OF IRONWORKS SET UP ALONG THE NORTHERN RIM OF THE 3OUTH7ALES COALFIELD IN THE LATE TH CENTURY
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 0ERIODICALLYx 4HERE IS NO DOUBT THAT IF THE VALUE OF THE MEMBERSHIP OF A NATIONAL AMENITY SOCIETY IS MEASURED BY THE WEIGHT OF ITS JOURNAL 'EORGIAN 'ROUP MEMBERS ARE CURRENTLY CERTAINLY GETTING THEIR MONEY S WORTH 4HE LAST TWO EDITIONS HAVE BEEN AND ! PAGES RESPECTIVELY !S NOW SEEMS CUSTOMARY WITH MANY SUCH QUARTERLIES BOTH ISSUES ARE THEMATIC 4HE 'EORGIAN 3PRING IS DEVOTED TO 'EORGIAN ,ONDON BUT THE GENERAL CONCENTRATION ON MINOR DOMESTIC RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS PROVOKES A WIDER INTEREST 4HIS EDITION HAS ELEVEN THEMATIC ITEMS )T STARTS AUSPICIOUSLY 'ILES 7ORSLEY WRITES IN PRAISE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MEWS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF 'EORGIAN ,ONDON WHILE $AVID7ATKIN CELEBRATES THE BICENTENARY OF THE !LBANY OFF 0ICCADILLY AS A UNIQUE EXPERIMENT IN ,ONDON COLLEGIATE LIVING NOW ALSO FULLY DESCRIBED IN THE NEW7ESTMINSTER 0EVSNER -INOR DOMESTIC INTERIOR JOINERY REPLETE WITH LARGE SCALE DETAILS HAS BEEN AN INFORMATIVE FEATURE IN PAST ISSUES HERE THE STAIRCASES AT 2ED ,ION 3QUARE NEAR 'RAYS )NN ARE HELPFULLY DESCRIBED 7HAT ADDS ESPECIALLY TO THIS ISSUE IS THE DESCRIPTIONS OF RESTORATIONS OF HOUSES IN $EAN 3TREET 3OHO AND 4OTTENHAM (IGH 2OAD 4HE LATTER BUILT BETWEEN AND AND RENOVATED IN UNDER A #!0 SCHEME FEATURES A PAIR OF 'RADE )) HOUSES SEEN ON THE FRONT COVER OF ,ONDON THE ART OF 'EORGIAN ,IVING BY $AN #RUICKSHANK AND 0ETER 7YLD 4HE 'EORGIAN 3UMMER HAS A #ELTIC FLAVOUR AS THE SOCIETY IS KEEN TO BUILD UP ITS PRESENCE IN7ALES (OWEVER THE FOCUS IS SOMEWHAT BROADER WITH ARTICLES ON WHAT REMAIN OF 'EORGIAN MANSION HOUSES IN 2ENFREWSHIRE BUILT ON THE BACK OF THE WEALTH GENERATED BY 0AISLEY S TEXTILE INDUSTRY THE RECENT RESTORATION OF THE /LD (OUSE OF +EYS #ASTLETOWN )SLE OF -AN BY -ANX .ATIONAL (ERITAGE ADVOCACY OF THE SIMPLE SELF EFFACING QUALITIES OF #ARMARTHENSHIRE ARCHITECTURE A RESUME OF 3!6% S RECENT CAMPAIGN ABOUT THE INEFFECTIVENESS OF OFFICIAL PROTECTION IN .ORTHERN )RELAND "LINK AND9OU LL -ISS )T AND THE RESCUE ON A SHOESTRING BUDGET OF TWO7ELSH COUNTRY HOUSES 4REVOR (ALL $ENBIGHSHIRE AND (ENDRE (OUSE 'WYNEDD 4HE FOCUS ON DOMESTIC INTERIOR JOINERY FEATURES A FASCINATING UNEXPLAINED CONUNDRUM AT 0LAS $INEFWR ONE OF THE FINEST HOUSES IN7ALES BUT SADLY NEGLECTED AND VANDALISED IN THE S UNTIL TAKEN OVER BY THE .ATIONAL 4RUST !S A POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCE OF DRY ROT THE WALL PANELLING IN THE DRAWING ROOM WAS REPLACED IN THE TH CENTURY AND SET FORWARD FROM THE WALLS TO ACT AS DRY LINING 2ECENT RESTORATION UNCOVERED A SMALL SECTION OF PANELLING MORE TYPICAL OF THE LATE TH OR EARLY TH CENTURY 7HY THE THEN OWNERS DID NOT TAKE THE OPPORTUNITY POSSIBLY DURING THE RESTORATION TO SPECIFY THE MORE FASHIONABLE 'OTHIC STYLE USED ELSEWHERE n "ERMONDSEY 3TREET ,ONDON A PERSPECTIVE RECONSTRUCTION OF A PAIR OF TIMBER FRAMED HOUSES OF n SHOWN AS HAVING BEEN BRICK FRONTED .O TO THE LEFT SURVIVES AND AUTHORITATIVELY WITH "RIDGET #HERRY FORMER EDITOR OF THE 0EVSNER ARCHITECTURAL GUIDES REVIEWING A NEW EDITION OF 3IR *OHN 3UMMERSON S CLASSIC 'EORGIAN ,ONDON WHICH FIRST APPEARED YEARS AGO AND -ICHELA 2OSSO ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTURE AT 4URIN 5NIVERSITY CONSIDERING ITS FIRST CRITICAL RECEPTION AND THE CONTEXT OF ITS GENESIS IN THE S 4HE ISSUE CONTINUES WITH 0ETER 'UILLERY OF %NGLISH (ERITAGE HIGHLIGHTING A TRADITION OF ,ONDON VERNACULAR HOUSING WHICH ENDURED INTO THE 'EORGIAN PERIOD AND WHICH HE ARGUES IS MUCH MORE IMPORTANT THAN ELSEWHERE (IS RESEARCH WILL CONSEQUENTLY FEATURE AS A BOOK TO BE PUBLISHED BY9ALE IN IN THE HOUSE IS NOT CLEAR )T IS POSSIBLE THAT THE PANELLING WAS DESIGNED IN THE MID TH CENTURY TO LOOK AS IF IT DATED FROM THE EARLY TH CENTURY BUT IF THE OWNERS WERE HOPING THAT THEIR SLEIGHT OF HAND WOULD REMAIN UNDETECTED THEY FAILED TO APPRECIATE THE SUBTLETIES IN DETAILING WHICH HAVE NOT FOOLED THE 4RUST .ATURAL 3TONE 3PECIALIST !UGUST REPORTS ON THE WORK COMMISSIONED BY THE /$0- FROM THE 3YMONDS 'ROUP INTO @0LANNING FOR THE 3UPPLY OF "UILDING 3TONE AND 2OOFING 3TONE IN %NGLAND AND7ALES 4HE MAIN PURPOSE OF THIS IS TO PROVIDE THE POLICY ANALYSIS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION NEEDED FOR A POSSIBLE REVIEW OF MINERAL PLANNING GUIDANCE 4HIS IS AT ITS FIRST STAGE LOOKING AT THE NATURE AND SIZE OF THE INDUSTRY MARKETS PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS AND PLANNING APPROACHES TO BUILDING STONE QUARRIES 5NFORTUNATELY THIS WORK SEEMS SO FAR TO HAVE PASSED CONSERVATION PROFESSIONALS BY WITH INTEREST COMING MAINLY FROM THE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES AND MINERALS PLANNING 4HE DATE FOR EXPRESSING VIEWS HAS ALSO PASSED BUT ANYONE INTERESTED IN BECOMING INVOLVED OR COMMENTING ON THE LATTER STAGES MAY CARE TO CONTACT *AMIE #LAYTON AT 3YMONDS IN %AST 'RINSTEAD JAMES CLAYTON SYMONDS GROU COM "OB +INDRED -"% 4OTTENHAM (IGH 2OAD
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 4HE NEW EXTENSION OF 3T -ARY S #HURCH 3OUTH "ADDESLEY REPLACED A PREVIOUS BUILDING ON A PRACTICALLY IDENTICAL FOOTPRINT $IOCESAN WORKINGS &ROM #ANON $AVID 0ICTON CHAIRMAN 7INCHESTER $IOCESAN !DVISORY #OMMITTEE *ONATHAN $UCK S LETTER IN #ONTEXT @$IOCESAN LOOPHOLE #ONTEXT *ULY CRITICISED THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE7INCHESTER $IOCESAN !DVISORY #OMMITTEE FOR THE #ARE OF #HURCHES IN TWO RECENT EXTENSIONS TO CHURCHES ) WAS SADDENED TO SEE THE LETTER APPEAR WITHOUT ANY PRIOR VERIFICATION OF ITS CONTENT WHICH AT BEST IS BIASED BY -R $UCK S OWN PERSONAL OPINIONS OF CONSERVATION APPROACH AND IN MANY PLACES IS FACTUALLY INACCURATE 4HE7INCHESTER $!# IS FORTUNATE TO CONSIST OF PEOPLE WHO ARE EXPERTS IN VARIOUS DISCIPLINES INVOLVED IN THE MAINTENANCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS /UR CURRENT TEAM INCLUDES A LOCAL AUTHORITY SENIOR CONSERVATION OFFICER AN ARCHAEOLOGIST A LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT A SOUND LIGHT AND HEATING ENGINEER A SURVEYOR AND FOUR VERY EXPERIENCED PRACTISING ARCHITECTS WHO BETWEEN THEM ALSO ARE REPRESENTATIVES FOR %NGLISH (ERITAGE THE 6ICTORIAN 3OCIETY AND THE 4WENTIETH #ENTURY 3OCIETY 7E ARE FORTUNATE ALSO TO HAVE EXPERTS ON BELLS CHURCHYARD MATTERS CLOCKS FABRICS LITURGY ORGANS AND TREASURES 3UCH A WIDE AND VARIED POOL OF RESOURCE ALLOWS THE $!# TO CONSIDER EACH APPLICATION IN A BALANCED WAY )N ,ETTERS DIOCESE WHO HAS THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR GRANTING THE FACULTIES WHOLLY DISAGREE WITH -R $UCK S PERSONAL OPINION WITH REGARD TO THE ARCHITECTURAL QUALITY OF THE TWO EXTENSIONS )N RECOMMENDING THE EXTERIOR OF THE CHURCH OR THE CHURCHYARD OTHER THAN SCHEMES FOR REPAIR OR MAINTENANCE OF THE AREAS IT ALWAYS REQUESTS THE PARISHES TO FORWARD A FULL COPY OF THE PROPOSALS TO THE LOCAL AUTHORITY AND THE RELEVANT ORGANISATIONS 4HE FACT THAT THIS HAS BEEN REQUESTED IS NOTED ON DOCUMENTATION THAT IS PASSED TO THE CHANCELLOR AS PART OF THE PETITION FOR FACULTY !S -R $UCK KNOWS AT FIRST HAND WE ARE AVAILABLE TO MEET WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF THESE BODIES INCLUDING THE LOCAL PLANNING AUTHORITY TO DISCUSS THE SCHEMES (E RECEIVES A COPY OF OUR MONTHLY AGENDA TEN DAYS BEFORE THE MEETING TAKES PLACE DURING WHICH PERIOD ) AM ALWAYS VERY HAPPY TO RECEIVE ANY COMMENTS THAT HE MAY HAVE TO FEED INTO THE PROCESS 4HE7INCHESTER $!# HAS VERY GOOD RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE VERY MANY LOCAL AUTHORITIES WHICH COVER THE AREA OF THE DIOCESE AS IT DOES WITH THE VARIOUS LOCAL NATIONAL AMENITY ORGANISATIONS )T IS ALWAYS GRATEFUL FOR ANY ADVICE OR COMMENT THAT THEY CAN BRING TO THE PROCESS -R $UCK REFERS TO A @LOOPHOLE WHICH DOES NOT EXIST IN MY EXPERIENCE 4HE PROCESS IS NOT SELECTIVE WHEN ADVISING THE PARISH TO SEEK LOCAL AUTHORITY INVOLVEMENT QUITE APART FROM THE QUESTION OF PLANNING PERMISSION WHEN RELEVANT )F IT IS AN ALTERATION TO THE EXTERIOR OF A BUILDING OR TO ITS CHURCHYARD CONSULTATION WILL AUTOMATICALLY OCCUR &INALLY ) CAN NOT HELP BUT FEEL THAT A SYSTEM WHICH REQUIRES CONSENSUS FROM A NUMBER OF VERY EXPERIENCED EXPERTS IS PREFERABLE TO THE OPINION OF A SINGLE OFFICER -OREOVER ) AM INFORMED BY THE CHANCELLOR THAT AS A MATTER OF COURSE HE ALWAYS CONSIDERS THE ARCHITECTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF ANY PROPOSAL BEFORE DECIDING WHETHER OR NOT TO GRANT A FACULTY $AVID 0ICTON 4HE VIEWS EXPRESSED BY CORRESPONDENTS ARE NOT NECESSARILY SHARED BY #ONTEXT OR THE )("# %DITOR PROPOSALS THE $!# CONSIDERED WITH GREAT CARE THE ARCHITECTURAL IMPLICATIONS OF WHAT WAS PROPOSED A PROCESS WHICH OCCURS WITH EVERY APPLICATION AFFECTING THE EXTERIOR OF CHURCHES WITHIN THE DIOCESE -R $UCK HAS BEEN EXTREMELY SELECTIVE IN HIS RECALL OF EVENTS WITH REGARD TO 2INGWOOD 3T 0ETER AND 3T 0AUL AND 3OUTH "ADDESLEY 3T -ARY )N SPEAKING OF THE DESIRE TO HAVE SYMMETRY AT 3OUTH "ADDESLEY HE FAILS TO MENTION THAT THE NEW BUILDING ACTUALLY REPLACED AN EXISTING BUILDING ON A PRACTICALLY IDENTICAL FOOTPRINT )N THE CASE OF 2INGWOOD THE FINAL SCHEME SAW A BUILDING WHICH IS CONCEALED FROM PASSERS BY WHEREAS HAD HIS ADVICE BEEN FOLLOWED IT WOULD HAVE BEEN ON THE TOWNSCAPE SIDE OF THE CHURCH AND WOULD HAVE RUINED THE FA ADE VISIBLE TO THE TOWN S PEOPLE 4HE EXISTING TOILET PROVISION IN THE CHURCH HALL WOULD HAVE HAD TO BE ACCESSED BY A VERY CIRCUITOUS ROUTE AND THEN WHEN REACHED THERE WOULD BE A STEP TO NEGOTIATE 7HEN THE $!# RECEIVES A SCHEME WHICH WILL IN SOME WAY AFFECT THE 4HE NEW EXTENSION TO THE CHURCH OF 3T 0ETER AND 3T 0AUL 2INGWOOD WHICH CANNOT BE SEEN BY PASSERS BY THE CASE OF BOTH OF THE EXAMPLES WHICH -R $UCK GAVE IN HIS LETTER ITS DECISIONS TO RECOMMEND THE PROPOSALS WERE BORNE OUT BY THE FACT THAT BOTH CASES RECEIVED THE APPROVAL OF THE LOCAL AUTHORITY PLANNING COMMITTEE &URTHER BOTH MY COMMITTEE AND THE CHANCELLOR OF THE
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 &ROM THE WEBSITE 3OME OF THESE EXTRACTS FROM THE DISCUSSION FORUM ON WWW IHBC ORG UK HAVE BEEN EDITED FOR LENGTH 3ATELLITE SCAM !N ANONYMOUS POSTING 7E HAVE A SITUATION IN THE CONSERVATION AREA OF A MEDIEVAL TOWN WHERE AN OWNER HAVING BEEN REFUSED PLANNING CONSENT FOR SITING A SATELLITE DISH ON THE FRONT OF HIS UNLISTED PROPERTY HAS DEFIANTLY FIXED IT TO A TWO METRE HIGH POLE DIRECTLY IN FRONT OF THE PROPERTY SO IT IS NOT FIXED TO THE BUILDING 4HE POLE IS FIXED WITHIN THE ONE METRE DEEP FRONT CURTILAGE OF THE PROPERTY AND IS ON A CORNER SO IT FRONTS ON TO A HIGHWAY AND IS WITHIN THREE METRES OF A ROAD WHICH RUNS TO THE SIDE OF THE HOUSE ) UNDERSTAND FROM DEVELOPMENT CONTROL THAT CONSENT IS NOT REQUIRED 4HIS SEEMS CRAZY AND JUST DOES NOT SEEM RIGHT (AS ANYONE HAD THIS SITUATION BEFORE OR IS THERE SOMEWHERE IN THE LEGISLATION THAT GIVES CONTROL AND WE HAVE OVERLOOKED IT 4HERE ARE NO !RTICLE DIRECTIONS IN THE AREA 1UESTIONS OF CURTILAGE !N ANONYMOUS POSTING ) HAVE BEEN ASKED WHETHER A DWELLING IS A CURTILAGE STRUCTURE TO A LISTED KITCHEN GARDEN WALL 4HE DWELLING IS OF CONTEMPORARY AGE TO THE WALL AND IS OUTSIDE THE KITCHEN GARDEN )T IS NOT PHYSICALLY ATTACHED BUT ALONGSIDE IT ) HAVE ASSUMED THAT IT WAS THE GARDENER S ACCOMMODATION 4HE MAIN HALL WAS DEMOLISHED SOME YEARS AGO #AN A DWELLING BE ANCILLARY TO A WALL 4HEY ARE BOTH IN THE SAME OWNERSHIP !N ANONYMOUS REPLY .OT ON THE FACTS YOU SET OUT 4HE CURTILAGE BUILDING MUST HAVE SERVED SOME ANCILLARY PURPOSE TO THE LISTED BUILDING AND BEEN SUBORDINATE TO THE LISTED BUILDING ITSELF SEE THE DECISION OF THE (OUSE OF ,ORDS IN $EBENHAMS PLC V7ESTMINSTER #ITY #OUNCIL ; = !LL %2 !NOTHER ANONYMOUS REPLY ) THINK YOU RAISE AN INTERESTING ISSUE 7HAT YOU ARE DRIVING AT IS NOT THE STRAIGHTFORWARD INSTANCE OF AN OUTBUILDING BEING SUBORDINATE TO A FARMHOUSE WHERE THERE IS A CLEAR HIERARCHY BUT RATHER HOW DO WE JUDGE WHAT @SUBORDINATE AND @ANCILLARY MEAN &OR EXAMPLE A WATER MILL IS LISTED AND A SEPARATE MILL COTTAGE IN ITS CURTILAGE IS NOT SEPARATELY LISTED )S THE MILL COTTAGE ALSO LISTED 7HICH IS SUBORDINATE ANCILLARY TO WHICH )S THE DWELLING PROVIDING ACCOMMODATION AND OVERSIGHT OF THE MILLING EQUIPMENT SUBORDINATE TO THE ACTIVITY OF MILLING /R DOES ONE CONSIDER THAT THE ACTIVITY OF MILLING IS IN SOME RESPECT FUNCTIONALLY SUBORDINATE TO THAT OF A DWELLING ) THINK YOUR CASE COULD BE SIMILAR )F FOR EXAMPLE THE KITCHEN GARDEN RELATES TO A PRINCIPAL HOUSE OR MANOR ONE COULD ORDINARILY ASSUME THAT IT SERVED TO PROVIDE FOR THE @BIG HOUSE !NOTHER ANONYMOUS REPLY 4HEN THE LOCAL PLANNING AUTHORITY IS WRONG + -C!NDREW REPLIES /N THE INFORMATION PROVIDED ) FIND THE CASE REGARDING THE LISTED SUNDIAL VERY CONCERNING ) WOULD AGREE THAT THE LOCAL PLANNING AUTHORITY IS WRONG IN DETERMINING THAT A HOUSE IS AFFORDED STATUTORY PROTECTION DUE TO BEING CURTILAGE TO A LISTED SUNDIAL WITHIN ITS GROUNDS ) COULD UNDERSTAND THE SITUATION IN REVERSE IF THE SUNDIAL WERE DEEMED CURTILAGE TO A LISTED HOUSE n ALTHOUGH ) WOULD ALSO ADVISE CARE IN MAKING THAT DETERMINATION ! CASE CONCERNING /RCHARDLEIGH 0ARK IN 3OMERSET FOUND THAT A SUNDIAL LOCATED IN THE GROUNDS COULD NOT BE CONSIDERED CURTILAGE TO THE PROPERTY 4HE REASON WAS PARTLY THAT IT HAD BEEN BROUGHT TO THE HOUSE FROM A DIFFERENT PROPERTY AND HAD BEEN MOVED AROUND THE GARDEN OVER THE SUBSEQUENT YEARS #ARE MUST BE TAKEN WHEN CONSIDERING THE CURTILAGE STATUS OF OBJECTS SUCH AS URNS SUNDIALS AND STATUES ) WOULD SUGGEST THAT YOU READ 2$ 0ICKARD S #ONSERVATION IN THE "UILT %NVIRONMENT 4HE BOOK CONSIDERS THE ISSUES SURROUNDING CURTILAGE AND REVIEWS THE VARIOUS EXAMPLES OF CASE LAW WHICH HAVE TESTED THE MATTER OF CURTILAGE 2EPLACEMENT STEPS 4INA WRITES #AN ANYONE ADVISE ON WHETHER PLANNING PERMISSION IS REQUIRED FOR THE REPLACEMENT OF THE STEPS UP TO THE FRONT DOOR OF A PROPERTY ) AM THINKING OF A PROPERTY IN A CONSERVATION AREA NO !RTICLE DIRECTION WHICH RETAINS ITS ORIGINAL MARBLE STEPS WHICH ARE CRACKED AND REQUIRE REPAIR 'IVEN THE COST OF REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT ON A LIKE FOR LIKE BASIS THE OWNER INTENDS TO PURSUE THE CHEAPER OPTION OF REPLACING OR COVERING THE STEPS AT THE SAME SCALE WITH A CHEAPER MATERIAL 4HE STEPS CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPECIAL CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE OF BOTH THE PROPERTY AND THE CONSERVATION AREA (OWEVER AS THE WORKS DO NOT CONSTITUTE DEVELOPMENT THERE IS NOTHING TO STOP THE OWNER REPLACING THE STEPS WITHOUT PLANNING PERMISSION !M ) RIGHT #ONTEXT CAN NOT TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY ADVICE OR OPINIONS CONTAINED IN THESE ITEMS AND IS THEREFORE SUBORDINATE TO IT )F HOWEVER YOU HAVE A GARDENER S COTTAGE BUILT SPECIFICALLY TO ACCOMMODATE A GARDENER WHO LOOKS AFTER THE MAINTENANCE AND PRODUCE OF A KITCHEN GARDEN IS THAT STRUCTURE NOT SUBORDINATE TO THE ACTIVITY OF THE KITCHEN GARDEN ) THINK IT COULD BE ARGUED THAT IN SUCH A CASE THE DWELLING IN SOME RESPECTS IS ACTUALLY SUBORDINATE TO THE REMAINS OF THE KITCHEN GARDEN ) GUESS IT IS A MATTER OF FACT AND DEGREE IN EACH CASE n UNLESS ANYONE CAN POINT TO SPECIFIC CASE LAW THAT DEALS WITH THESE TYPES OF ISSUES !NOTHER ANONYMOUS REPLY !N INTERESTING POINT ) KNOW OF A CASE WHERE THE LOCAL AUTHORITY HAS TAKEN THE VIEW THAT A HOUSE IS LISTED BY VIRTUE OF A 'RADE )) SUNDIAL IN ITS GARDEN )NCIDENTALLY THE SUNDIAL WAS RECENTLY STOLEN BUT IT IS MY UNDERSTANDING THAT THE HOUSE REMAINS REGARDED AS LISTED
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 )("# IN 2OMANIA #ONSERVATION TRAINING AT "ANFFY #ASTLE MAKES ITS MARK 7HEN THE "UILT (ERITAGE #ONSERVATION 4RAINING "(#4 PROJECT MOVED TO "ANFFY #ASTLE "ONTIDA IN WE SET OURSELVES A TARGET FOR THE YEAR IN TERMS OF THE LEVEL OF TEACHING WE WANTED TO ACHIEVE THE NUMBER OF STUDENTS WE FELT WE COULD ACCOMMODATE AND THE DEGREE OF RESTORATION WORK WHICH COULD BE COMPLETED AT THE CASTLE 4HE WORK UNDERTAKEN THEN WHICH HAS BEEN REPORTED IN #ONTEXT *ULY AND IN THE 9EARBOOK SET A STANDARD WHICH WE THOUGHT MIGHT BE DIFFICULT TO SUSTAIN !T THE END OF STUDENTS LATER HAVE SURVIVED A SUMMER WHICH HAS BEEN THE MOST CHALLENGING YET 4HE REMIT HAS WIDENED THE COURSE HAS EXPANDED AND THE TEAM HAS INCREASED TO INCLUDE NEW PEOPLE COMPANIES AND SKILLS 4HE PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE )("# AND THE 4RANSYLVANIA 4RUST HAS TRIGGERED INCREDIBLE INTEREST IN THE PROJECT IN %ASTERN %UROPE "OTH ARE HIGHLY RESPECTED ORGANISATIONS WITH A COLLECTIVE ABILITY TO SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE CONSERVATION PRACTICE AND POLICY IN THE AREA 7HAT HAVE WE BEEN DOING ,ET ME TAKE YOU BACK TO WHEN THE FIRST BASTION AND PART OF THE KITCHEN BLOCK RESTORATION SO FAR AT THE CASTLE )N 7ORLD -ONUMENT 7ATCH INCLUDED "ANFFY #ASTLE ON ITS MOST ENDANGERED BUILDINGS LIST 4HE WORK OF THE PROJECTS HELPED TO IMPROVE THE PLIGHT OF THE CASTLE BUT WHILE WE WERE UNDERTAKING THE MUCH NEEDED RESTORATION IN SPECIFIC AREAS OTHER PARTS OF THE BUILDING WERE CRUMBLING AS WE WATCHED !T THE END OF THE SUMMER OF A KEY BUILDING IN THE PLAN FORM OF THE CASTLE THE -IKLOS "UILDING WAS IN DANGER OF COMPLETE COLLAPSE /UR APPLICATION FOR FUNDING TO THE7ORLD -ONUMENT &UND TO RESCUE THE BUILDING TO A STRUCTURALLY SOUND AND WEATHERPROOF STRUCTURE WAS SUCCESSFUL AND WE BEGAN EMERGENCY WORK IN .OVEMBER 4HIS ESSENTIALLY SET THE TEMPLATE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT /UR LONG TERM OBJECTIVE IS TO DEVELOP A PERMANENT "(#4 #ENTRE TO SERVE SOUTH EASTERN %UROPE AND ALSO EVENTUALLY TO INCORPORATE SOME COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY TO HELP FINANCE THE WORK 4HE -IKLOS "UILDING WILL BECOME THE MAIN HEADQUARTERS OF THE CENTRE SO ITS RESTORATION HAS BECOME PIVOTAL TO THE SUCCESS OF THE WHOLE PROJECT 4HE INITIAL WORK WAS UNDERTAKEN BY THE 0RO 2ESTAURATIO OUTSIDE THE STRICT REMIT OF THE "(#4 PROJECT 4HE 0RO 2ESTAURATIO IS A PRIVATE CHARITABLE COMPANY SET UP BY THE 4RANSYLVANIA 4RUST TO UNDERTAKE SPECIALISED CONSERVATION WORK !NY PROFITS REALISED FROM ITS ACTIVITIES ARE DIRECTED BACK INTO THE TRUST FOR WORK ON CHARITABLE PROJECTS )TS PERSONNEL COMPRISE CRAFTSMEN WHO HAVE ALL BEEN THROUGH THE "(#4 PROJECT AND WHOSE MEMBERS ACT AS CRAFTSMEN TUTORS DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRACTICAL SKILLS COURSES AT "ANFFY #ASTLE EACH SUMMER 4HE NEAREST ANALOGY ) CAN THINK OF ALBEIT ON A DIFFERENT SCALE IS THE OLD %NGLISH (ERITAGE DIRECT LABOUR ORGANISATION WHY DID THEY EVER DISBAND THAT 4HE -IKLOS "UILDING MEASURES METRES BY METRES BY METRES HIGH TO EAVES )N $ECEMBER EMERGENCY STRUCTURAL REPAIRS TO THE MAIN FA ADE WERE UNDERTAKEN AND A STRUCTURAL SCAFFOLD ERECTED USING LARGE SECTION TIMBERS MM BY MM WHICH WOULD EVENTUALLY FORM PART OF THE ROOF STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING 4HIS MEANT THAT ALL MAJOR STRUCTURAL REPAIRS HAD TO BE COMPLETED IN TIME TO DISMANTLE THE SCAFFOLD TO BE ABLE TO USE THE TIMBERS IN THE ROOF REPAIR IN A WAY THAT OFFERED CARPENTRY TUITION TO THE STUDENTS ON THE "(#4 COURSE 4HE MAIN WORK BEGAN IN !PRIL THE "(#4 PROJECT STARTED IN MID *UNE AND THE WORK WAS DUE FOR COMPLETION AT THE END OF /CTOBER WHEN THE BUILDING WILL BE RE ROOFED AND STRUCTURALLY SECURE 4HIS YEAR S "(#4 COURSE CONSISTED OF THREE MODULES EACH OF TWO WEEKS DURATION HELD BETWEEN *UNE AND 3EPTEMBER 4HE TEACHING PROCESS AGAIN CONCENTRATED ON MASONRY REPAIRS RENDERING CARPENTRY STONE MASONRY WERE RESTORED AND TO WHEN THE ENTRANCE GATES AND FOUR ADJOINING ROOMS WERE RESTORED COMBINED WITH TUITION FOR STUDENTS )N WE HAVE ALMOST REACHED A TOTAL OF STUDENTS AND HAVE WORKED ON THE MOST AMBITIOUS 4HE -IKLOS "UILDING MAIN FA ADE IN !UGUST BEFORE WORK STARTED #RAFTSMEN DEMONSTRATING RENDER REPAIRS USING A TRADITIONAL @HORSE TO REPAIR PROFILES TO WINDOW HOODS
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 PROVED INSTRUMENTAL IN HELPING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE CASTLE AND OF WHY OUR LEANING TOWER TO THE KITCHEN BLOCK IS LEANING FOUNDATIONS AT METRES AND WATER AT METRES ARE NOT GOOD NEWS 4HE FINDINGS WILL BE WRITTEN UP BY !NGEL AND PUBLISHED AT A LATER STAGE 4HE BUILDING HISTORIANS RECORDED ALL PHASES AND INTERVENTIONS OF THE -IKLOS "UILDING AND PUT TOGETHER AN INVENTORY OF STATUES AND CARVED STONES STILL EXISTING AT THE CASTLE 4HIS HAS ALSO RESULTED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUR FIRST MUSEUM ROOM OF STATUES AND ARTEFACTS WHICH IS NOW OPEN TO THE PUBLIC 4HE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS POST GRADUATES FROM THE 5NIVERSITY OF "UDAPEST UNDERTOOK SURVEYS AND EXERCISES TO DESIGN A NEW SETTING FOR THE PRINCIPAL COURTYARDS AND THE WIDER LANDSCAPE OF THE CASTLE 4HEY WERE HELPED IN THEIR TASK BY "RIAN $IX WELL KNOWN FOR HIS WORK AT (AMPTON #OURT 0ALACE WHO HAS BEEN ENGAGED BY 3HERBAN #ANTACUZINO AND THE 0RO 0ATRIMONIO TO HELP US DEVELOP A LANDSCAPE PLAN FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE PARKLAND SURROUNDING THE CASTLE .O OTHER SITE IN 2OMANIA OFFERS THIS TYPE OF PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE FOR EITHER UNDERGRADUATE OR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS 4HIS DIVERSITY IS A KEY ELEMENT FOR THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE "(#4 #ENTRE )T OFFERS THE )("# AND THE 4RANSYLVANIA 4RUST AN OPPORTUNITY TO HELP DEVELOP WIDER ENVIRONMENTAL SKILLS IN THE REGION AND IN DOING SO TO CONSOLIDATE LINKS WITH KEY UNIVERSITIES 3O FAR WE HAVE LINKS WITH THE UNIVERSITIES OF )ASI 4IMISOARA "UCHAREST #LUJ AND "UDAPEST 7E ARE CURRENTLY EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITY OF A DIRECT LINK WITH THE #ONSTRUCTION 3CHOOL OF #LUJ WHICH TEACHES SKILLS IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES AND TINSMITHING 4HE LATTER WAS CONFINED TO THE COMPLETION OF THE ROOFS TO THE ENTRANCE GATES WHICH HAD BEEN RESTORED LAST YEAR 7E DISCOVERED A TINSMITH FROM ONE OF THE MAIN 2OMANIAN COMPANIES WHICH CONSISTENTLY SENDS US STUDENTS AND WHO IS DESTINED TO BE WITH US FOR MANY YEARS TO COME $IVERSIFICATION HAS BEEN A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PROJECT THIS YEAR !S WELL AS THE TRADITIONAL CRAFT SKILLS TRAINING COURSES WE OPENED THE CASTLE AS A FIELD STUDY CENTRE DURING THE SECOND MODULE IN *UNE *ULY AND RAN ADDITIONAL COURSES FOR ARCHAEOLOGISTS BUILDING HISTORIANS AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS 4HE ARCHAEOLOGY COURSE FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS WAS LED BY !NGHEL )STRASTE A LEADING 2OMANIAN ARCHAEOLOGIST )T TO UNEMPLOYED TO YEAR OLDS )T TEACHES MAINLY NEW CONSTRUCTION BUT IS KEEN TO EXPAND TO ENABLE ITS STUDENTS TO LEARN TRADITIONAL SKILLS FOR THE RESTORATION OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS 2OMANIA IS DEVELOPING A SYSTEM WHEREBY ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS WILL NOT BE ALLOWED TO WORK ON HISTORIC BUILDINGS WITHOUT SPECIFIED QUALIFICATIONS HENCE THE INTEREST OF UNIVERSITIES IN THE "(#4 COURSE AND A FURTHER SYSTEM IS TO BE INTRODUCED IN TWO YEARS TIME WHEREBY CRAFTSMEN WILL BE ALLOWED TO WORK ON HISTORIC BUILDINGS ONLY IF THEY HAVE PROPERLY RECOGNISED AND CERTIFICATED SKILLS (OW FAR BEHIND ARE WE /UR GOAL OF DELIVERY OF A PERMANENT "(#4 #ENTRE TOOK A MAJOR STEP FORWARD THIS YEAR WHEN THE 4RANSYLVANIA 4RUST TOOK OVER OWNERSHIP OF THE CASTLE BY SIGNING A LEGAL AGREEMENT WHICH HAS GIVEN IT A YEAR LEASE ON ALL THE BUILDINGS 4HIS MAY BE A MIXED BLESSING AS THE TRUST IS NOW RESPONSIBLE FOR THE UPKEEP OF THE CASTLE BUT IT ENSURES CONTROL OVER FUTURE USE AND MEANS THAT FUNDS CAN BE TARGETED STRATEGICALLY TO ENSURE THE CREATION OF THE "(#4 #ENTRE 4HAT MAY STILL BE A FEW YEARS AWAY BUT IN THE MEANTIME WE WILL START WORK IN .OVEMBER ON THE CONVERSION OF THE FORMER KITCHEN BLOCK RESTORED IN TO PROVIDE TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION )T ALREADY PROVIDES FOR OUR FULL KITCHEN AND DINING FACILITIES 4HIS MEANS THAT BY SPRING WE WILL BE SELF SUFFICIENT IN CATERING AND ACCOMMODATION AND WILL THEREFORE BE ABLE TO RUN COURSES ALL YEAR ROUND !LL THIS IS HAPPENING WITHIN A VILLAGE COMMUNITY AND THE SUPPORT OF THAT COMMUNITY IS VITAL TO ITS SUCCESS 7E HAVE BEEN FORTUNATE TO 2EPAIRING REAR WALL OF THE -IKLOS "UILDING METRES THICK BY METRES LONG BY METRES HIGH CONSTRUCTED IN STONE AND LIME MORTAR &URIOSO HORSES AND RIDERS ON A "ONTIDA #ULTURAL $AY 4HE PARTIALLY RESTORED -IKLOS "UILDING IS TO THE REAR 4HE NEW ROOF OF THE -IKLOS "UILDING
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 RECEIVE SUCH SUPPORT PARTICULARLY FROM THE LOCAL COUNCIL WHICH WAS SO INSTRUMENTAL IN ASSISTING IN THE TRANSFER OF THE @OWNERSHIP OF THE CASTLE TO THE 4RANSYLVANIA 4RUST 3O AS WE DID IN WE OPENED THE CASTLE TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH THE "ONTIDA #ULTURAL $AYS ON !UGUST 4HE CASTLE PLAYED HOST TO A SERIES OF CULTURAL EVENTS INCLUDING CLASSICAL AND TRADITIONAL MUSIC PLAYS AND SPECIAL EVENTS FOR CHILDREN 4HIS YEAR WE WORKED DIRECTLY WITH THE "RITISH #OUNCIL IN ORGANISING A CHILDREN S @-AGIC 0ENCILS EVENT AT WHICH THE CHILDREN WERE INVITED TO DRAW THEIR ENVIRONMENT 4HE RESPONSE WAS MAGNIFICENT WITH OVER CHILDREN TURNING UP FOR THE MAIN DRAWING SESSION 4HE DIRECTOR OF THE "RITISH #OUNCIL 3TEPHAN 2OMAN WHO HAS BEEN SO SUPPORTIVE OF OUR WORK ATTENDED IN PERSON AND WAS VERY WARMLY RECEIVED BY THE LOCAL COMMUNITY 4HE EVENT PRESENTED AN OPPORTUNITY FOR CHILDREN TO ENJOY A CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT WHICH THEY WOULD RARELY GET IN 2OMANIA 4HE "(#4 #ENTRE HAS BECOME A PLACE WHERE RESTORATION IS BEING UNDERTAKEN IN FULL PUBLIC GAZE AS AN EXEMPLAR FOR OTHER PROJECTS )T IS ALSO DEVELOPING AS A CULTURAL CENTRE WHERE MANY DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES INTERRELATE AND WHERE A PUBLIC CAN REDISCOVER A CULTURAL ETHOS WHICH IS RARELY AVAILABLE IN 2OMANIA )T IS ALSO A PLACE WHERE EXPERIMENTATION IN RESTORATION TECHNIQUES CAN FLOURISH MAINLY DUE TO THE PROFESSIONAL STANDING OF 0ROFESSOR "ALINT 3ZABO PRESIDENT OF THE TRUST AND WHERE STUDENTS CAN DEVELOP TRADITIONAL BUILDING CRAFT SKILLS 4HE FULL TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PROJECT ARE CURRENTLY BEING WRITTEN UP FOR PUBLICATION 4HE ROOF HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED IN THE "AROQUE STYLE BASED ON RESEARCH IN 2OMANIA AND IN THE KNOWLEDGE THAT THE -IKLOS ROOF WAS ORIGINALLY OF THAT STYLE WHICH INCLUDED PRINCIPAL TRUSSES INCLUDING DOUBLE RAFTERS AND COLLARS AND SECONDARY TRUSSES FURNISHED WITH A BASE PURLIN SET ON A DOUBLE WALL PLATE AND INCORPORATING TWO FURTHER PURLINS AND DIAGONAL BRACES BETWEEN THE PRINCIPALS A TOTAL OF SQUARE METRES OF TIMBER 4HE REAR WALL WAS REBUILT USING SALVAGED AND NEW STONE AND WAS CONSTRUCTED TO A THICKNESS OF METRES TO TIE IN WITH THE ORIGINAL STANDING ENDS )T IS METRES LONG AND METRES HIGH TO EAVES AND CONSUMED TONNES OF LIME PUTTY A DAY THE LIME PUTTY BY THE WAY IS FAR SUPERIOR TO OURS CONTAINING NATURAL POZZOLANS WHICH WE OF COURSE REMOVE 4HE ROOF OF THE -IKLOS "UILDING AND THE ATTACHED BASTION WHICH WE ALSO RESTORED WILL TAKE TILES ALL LOCALLY PRODUCED AND WILL BE COMPLETED BY THE 0RO 2ESTAURATIO BY THE END OF /CTOBER 4HE WORK THIS YEAR WAS SPONSORED MAINLY BY THE 7ORLD -ONUMENTS &UND AND BY THE 'ETTY 'RANT 0ROGRAMME !S FAR AS WE KNOW THE "(#4 PROJECT IS THE ONLY ONE TO HAVE BENEFITED TWICE FROM THE 'ETTY 'RANT 0ROGRAMME /THER SPONSORSHIP INCLUDING THAT FROM THE )("# HAS ALSO BEEN VERY MUCH APPRECIATED AND CONTINUED SUPPORT FROM THE 0RINCE OF 7ALES AND FROM THE 2OMANIAN AND (UNGARIAN -INISTRIES OF #ULTURE HAS BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN ENSURING CONTINUED SUCCESS $URING !UGUST WE WERE VISITED BY )UAN /PRIS STATE SECRETARY AT THE 2OMANIAN -INISTRY OF #ULTURE WHO ARRIVED ON A PRIVATE VISIT TO MEET OUR CRAFTSMEN AND TO DISCUSS WITH US THE CONTINUED COOPERATION OF THE -INISTRY OF #ULTURE 7E ARE NOW CAMPAIGNING FOR NEW FUNDING FOR NEXT YEAR )F THIS IS SUCCESSFUL WILL SEE THE BEGINNING OF PERMANENT FACILITIES AT "ANFFY #ASTLE 4HERE IS STILL A GREAT DEAL OF WORK TO BE DONE AND WE STILL NEED A LOT OF HELP 2ECRUITMENT THIS YEAR HAS BEEN REALLY BOOSTED BY THE INVOLVEMENT OF #ARPENTER /AK AND 7OODLAND AND PARTICULARLY BY ONE OF ITS CHIEF CARPENTERS !DAM7HITTLE WHO HELPED PLAN IMPLEMENT AND OVERSEE THE RESTORATION OF THE -IKLOS ROOF !S ALWAYS WE ARE HOPING TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF PERSONNEL IN THE NEW YEAR $AVID "AXTER )("# %UROPEAN PROJECTS DIRECTOR AND #SILLA (EGEDUS JOINT "(#4 PROJECT DIRECTOR AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE 4RANSYLVANIA 4RUST #RAFTSMEN COMPLETING REPAIR TO A BRICK VAULT 3TUDENTS OF THE SECOND MODULE #RAFTSMEN ARCHITECTS ARCHAEOLOGISTS BUILDING HISTORIANS TEACHERS n AND COOKS "RITISH #OUNCIL S @-AGIC 0ENCILS AT A "ONTIDA #ULTURAL $AY
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 .)#+ #/,,).3 $ESIGN THAT HAS STOOD THE TEST OF TIME )N THE BEST OF THE 3PAN DEVELOPMENTS BUILT IN THE S AND S COVENANTS PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR SELF REGULATING CONSERVATION )T S A CONSERVATION OFFICER S DREAM %ARLY 3PAN BROCHURES PROMOTED THEIR PHILOSOPHY AS @SPANNING THE GAP BETWEEN THE SUBURBAN MONOTONY OF THE TYPICAL hSPEC BUILDINGv AND THE ARCHITECTURALLY DESIGNED INDIVIDUALLY BUILT RESIDENCE &IFTY YEARS AGO IT SEEMED RADICAL 3PAN $EVELOPMENTS WERE PROMOTING HIGH DENSITY DESIGN LED HOUSING SYMPATHETIC LANDSCAPING AND RESIDENTS SOCIETIES TO MANAGE THE ESTATES ! WALK AROUND 3PAN ESTATES TODAY SHOWS THAT THEIR INITIAL PRINCIPLES HAVE STOOD THE TEST OF TIME )T IS AN INADEQUATELY SERVICED )NITIALLY 3PAN FOCUSED ON QUIET AND AS YET UNDEVELOPED PARTS OF ,ONDON SUCH AS "LACKHEATH 2ICHMOND AND 4WICKENHAM AND THE HOUSING TOOK THE FORM OF LOW RISE FLATS TERRACES AND MAISONETTES 4HE COMPANY S MOST AMBITIOUS PROJECT n AND ULTIMATE DOWNFALL n WAS THE CONCEPTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW INTEGRATED COMMUNITY AT .EW !SH 'REEN IN +ENT IN THE LATE S 3PAN MADE A BRIEF LOW KEY COMEBACK IN THE LATE S BUT ON NOTHING LIKE ITS IRONY THAT THESE SAME DESIGN IDEALS USED BY LOCAL AUTHORITY HOUSING IN THE S AND S BECAME A FAILED DREAM A DYSTOPIA &ORMED IN THE S 3PAN $EVELOPMENTS ,TD WAS THE BRAINCHILD OF TWO YOUNG ARCHITECTS %RIC ,YONS AND 'EOFFREY4OWNSEND )TS HOUSING WAS AIMED AT THE POST WAR MIDDLE CLASSES -OST WAS BUILT DURING THE S AND S AT A TIME WHEN MUCH OF THE SPECULATIVE HOUSING BUILT IN THE 5+ WAS POORLY PLANNED AND FORMER SCALE 4HE HOUSES SOLD QUICKLY ORIGINALLY WITH LONG LEASES MAINLY TO THE YOUNG DESIGN CONSCIOUS PROFESSIONAL CLASSES 0ARKLEYS (AM #OMMON n DISPLAYED MANY OF THE 3PAN CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE FIRST TIME ! DEVELOPMENT OF TWO AND THREE STOREY FLATS AND PARADE OF SHOPS IT HAS PEDESTRIAN COURTYARDS CAR PARKING OUT OF VIEW AT THE EDGES OF THE SITE HIGH QUALITY LANDSCAPE DESIGN SELF EFFACING MODERN ARCHITECTURE COMMUNAL 4HE ,ANE LEFT AND 4HE (ALL RIGHT "LACKHEATH THE STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE IS FAMILIAR THROUGH HAVING BEEN ENDLESSLY IMITATED USUALLY UNIMAGINATIVELY 4HE UNUSUAL BIRTH OF 3PAN $EVELOPMENTS &ELLOW STUDENTS 'EOFFREY 4OWNSEND AND %RIC ,YONS MET IN THE EARLY S WHERE THEY DISCOVERED THAT THEY SHARED A COMMON INTEREST IN CONTEMPORARY DESIGN ,YONS HAD WORKED WITH BOTH 7ALTER 'ROPIUS AND -AXWELL &RY )N THEY FORMED AN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE !FTER THE WAR THE PRACTICE OF 4OWNSEND ,YONS BECAME INVOLVED IN WAR DAMAGE HOUSE CONVERSION AND ALTERATION WORK 4OWNSEND BEGAN TO INVESTIGATE THE IDEA OF @COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROBLEM OF MAINTAINING AND MANAGING THE COMMON PARTS OF THIS TYPE OF PROJECT )N ,YONS AND 4OWNSEND DESIGNED /AKLANDS A HOUSING SCHEME IN 7HITTON 4WICKENHAM &OR THIS SCHEME ,YONS AND 4OWNSEND ESTABLISHED WHAT EFFECTIVELY BECAME THE FIRST RESIDENTS SOCIETY 4OWNSEND S THOUGHTS TURNED INCREASINGLY TOWARDS THE ORGANISATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL COMPLEXITIES OF COMMUNAL MANAGEMENT !S ARCHITECTS ,YONS AND 4OWNSEND WERE FORBIDDEN BY 2)"! RULES TO ACT AS DEVELOPERS 4HE SOLUTION DECIDED UPON WAS FOR 4OWNSEND TO RESIGN HIS MEMBERSHIP OF THE 2)"! AND OPERATE AS DEVELOPER CONTRACTOR AND CLIENT TO %RIC ,YONS DESIGNS )N HAVING ACQUIRED A PIECE OF LAND ON (AM #OMMON 2ICHMOND 4OWNSEND FORMED A DEVELOPMENT COMPANY 7ITH ,YONS AS CONSULTANT ARCHITECT THIS SITE BECAME 0ARKLEYS )N 4OWNSEND (ENRY #USHMAN AND ,ESLIE "ILSBY WHO HAD ACQUIRED SOME LAND IN "LACKHEATH FORMED 0RIORY (ALL ,TD 3PAN $EVELOPMENTS ,TD BECAME A REGISTERED COMPANY IN ALTHOUGH THE NAME 3PAN HAD BEEN USED WITH REFERENCE TO EARLIER %RIC ,YONS ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS SINCE
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 OUTDOOR SPACES AND AS A RESULT OF 4OWNSEND S AWARENESS OF THE NEED TO ORGANISE MAINTENANCE OF THESE SPACES A BUILT IN MANAGEMENT COMPANY IN THE FORM OF A LEGALLY CONSTITUTED RESIDENT S ASSOCIATION )N MANY WAYS 3PAN HOUSES AND FLATS ARE PRETTY ORDINARY LOOKING NOT PARTICULARLY STRIKING AT ALL n BUT THIS IS PROBABLY BECAUSE THEY INSPIRED MANY OTHER PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HOUSE BUILDERS IN THE S AND S PROVIDING @THE LOOK FOR NEW HOUSING ACROSS THE COUNTRY )N THE S THEY WERE STRIKING OFTEN CONTROVERSIAL DEVELOPMENTS IN AN OTHERWISE BLAND POST WAR ENVIRONMENT 4HEY DEMONSTRATED THAT CONSIDERED MODERN @CONTEMPORARY HOMES COULD BE SYNONYMOUS WITH COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE 4HE BUILDINGS TEND TO BE OF @CROSS WALL CONSTRUCTION WITH TIMBER FLOORS AND 4HERMALITE INSULATION BLOCKS 5SUALLY CLAD WITH EITHER VERTICAL TILE HANGING OR TIMBER WEATHERBOARDING ROOFS ARE TYPICALLY FLAT OR HAVE A SHALLOW PITCH COVERED WITH PROFILED ALUMINIUM SHEETING USED FOR ITS INSULATING PROPERTIES ! NUMBER OF THE HOUSE DESIGNS HAD THE CENTRE OF THE BUILDING LIT BY A CLERESTORY WINDOW RUNNING THE ENTIRE LENGTH OF THE ROOF ENABLING THE BATHROOM TO BE PLACED IN THE CENTRE OF THE HOUSE 4HIS FREED THE FULL WIDTH OF THE BACK AND FRONT OF THE HOUSE FOR BEDROOMS 4HE MATERIALS WERE ALWAYS CAREFULLY PICKED TO WEATHER AND MELLOW WITH THEIR SETTING !T 4EMPLEMERE 7EYBRIDGE FOR EXAMPLE A DARK COLOURED BRICK WAS 3PAN WAS COMMITTED TO THE IDEA OF COMMUNAL MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSIBILITY PIONEERING THE USE OF RESIDENTS ASSOCIATIONS TO PROVIDE LONG TERM MANAGEMENT 2ESIDENTS ASSOCIATIONS MAINTAIN THE ESTATES AND COMMUNAL GARDENS AND MONITOR THE STRICT COVENANTS COVERING EVERYTHING FROM EXTENSIONS TO PAINT COLOURS "Y REGULATING COLOURS WINDOWS MATERIALS AND CHANGE THROUGH THESE LEGAL COVENANTS THE ESTATES HAVE NOT BEEN ALLOWED TO FALL VICTIM TO THE INDIVIDUAL TASTE THAT CAN SO OFTEN RUIN SIMPLE UNIFYING DETAILS 4HE ASSOCIATIONS PROVIDE THE PERFECT VEHICLE FOR RESIDENTS CHOSEN PARTICULARLY TO FORM A VISUAL LINK WITH THE SURROUNDING CEDAR TREES )N %RIC ,YONS SAID OF 0ARKLEYS @MY PARTICULAR INTEREST WAS THE FORMATION OF THE COURTYARD WHICH ) THOUGHT WAS A NEGLECTED FORM OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT 4HE COURTYARD IS NOT A DEAD SPACE )T IS ACTUALLY CIRCULATION !LL ACCESS FOR TRADES AND SERVICES IS ON THE PERIMETER AND THE COURTYARDS ARE USED FOR PEDESTRIAN ACCESS ONLY )T WAS THIS PHILOSOPHY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BUILDINGS AND THEIR SETTINGS THAT MADE THE SUCCESS OF THE LANDSCAPING EVEN MORE CRUCIAL ,YONS PROVIDED THE DESIGNS AND 4OWNSEND THE LAND )N )VOR #UNNINGHAM JOINED THE TEAM WORKING WITH %RIC ,YONS WITH PARTICULAR RESPONSIBILITY FOR LANDSCAPE DESIGN )N "LACKHEATH PARTICULARLY THE SMALL 3PAN DEVELOPMENTS WERE OFTEN GENTLY INTEGRATED WITHIN ESTABLISHED LANDSCAPES THAT WERE THEN ENHANCED BY #UNNINGHAM S SYMPATHETIC PLANTING SCHEMES TO HARNESS LOCAL PRIDE AND RESPONSIBILITY IN KEEPING THEIR SURROUNDINGS ATTRACTIVE AND MAINTAINED ! WALK AROUND THE ESTATES NOW SHOWS HOW SUCCESSFUL THIS HAS BEEN )N (OUSE AND 'ARDEN MAGAZINE WROTE THAT 3PAN HAD @STARTED OR RATHER RE STARTED WHAT MAY WELL BECOME A MOVEMENT THAT COULD SAVE "RITAIN FROM A GREAT DEAL OF FURTHER SUBURBAN HORROR 4HE CONCEPT OF .EW !SH 'REEN WAS THE LOGICAL CULMINATION OF ALL OF 3PAN S IDEALS AND PHILOSOPHIES ! 3PAN PUBLICITY BROCHURE IN CLAIMED @THIS VILLAGE IS PLANNED AS A WHOLE PLACE FOR TH CENTURY LIVING AND PROVIDING FOR TH CENTURY PEOPLE S NEEDS )T WAS TO INCLUDE HOUSING SHOPS LIGHT INDUSTRY A SCHOOL AND MOST IMPORTANT OPEN SPACE !N @INTEGRATED SOCIETY WOULD MEAN THAT A PROPORTION OF THE HOUSING WAS TO BE TAKEN BY THE 'REATER ,ONDON #OUNCIL )N A COMBINATION OF AN ECONOMIC DOWNTURN A CHANGE OF HEART AT THE ',# AND THE RELUCTANCE OF MORTGAGE LENDING LED ULTIMATELY TO THE FINANCIAL COLLAPSE OF 3PAN AND LEFT .EW !SH 'REEN UNCOMPLETED 4HREE VIEWS OF THE 3PAN ESTATE AT 7EYBRIDGE
# / . 4 % 8 4 . / 6 % - " % 2 3PAN S PHILOSOPHY AND STYLE WAS NOT WITHOUT ITS CRITICS )N "LACKHEATH IN PARTICULAR THE COMPANY FACED FIERCE OPPOSITION FROM BOTH LOCAL RESIDENTS AND LOCAL PLANNERS PARTICULARLY WHERE IT MEANT THE LOSS OF OLD 2EGENCY OR6ICTORIAN VILLAS 4HE RELATIVELY HIGH DENSITIES n UP TO PERSONS PER ACRE n WAS CONTROVERSIAL IN THESE QUIET GREEN SUBURBS ALTHOUGH THE INTENSE PLANTING AND LANDSCAPE SCHEMES OFTEN MASKED IT /VER A PERIOD OF EIGHT YEARS EIGHT 2EGENCY HOUSES WERE DEMOLISHED IN "LACKHEATH )N THEIR PLACE 3PAN BUILT HOUSES AND FLATS !T THEIR (ALLGATE DEVELOPMENT CAN BE FOUND A SMALL SCULPTED FIGURE BY +EITH 'ODWIN ALMOST CRUSHED UNDER THE CONCRETE LINTEL HE SUPPORTS ENTITLED @4HE !RCHITECT IN 3OCIETY UNIFORMITY REMAINS IN SHARP CONTRAST TO THE MAJORITY OF MUCH ALTERED POST WAR ESTATES 4HE DEVELOPMENTS NOW IN MATURE LANDSCAPES STAND AS A TESTAMENT TO THE FORESIGHT OF 'EOFFREY 4OWNSEND AND THE ORIGINAL 3PAN TEAM $ESPITE THE UNCOMPROMISING ANGLES ALUMINIUM ROOFS AND HUGE WINDOWS THE HOUSES SEEM TO HAVE EFFORTLESSLY SETTLED INTO THE LANDSCAPE 4HE EMPHASIS ON LANDSCAPE AND THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN BUILDING AND SETTING LEAVES TODAY S MATURED NEIGHBOURHOODS IN GOOD FORM !S RECOGNITION OF 3PAN S IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO "RITISH URBAN HOUSING 0ARKLEYS AT (AM #OMMON HAS BEEN LISTED 'RADE )) AS HAVE THE (ALLGATE AND 3OUTH 2OW DEVELOPMENTS IN "LACKHEATH )T IS A DREAM FOR CONSERVATION OFFICERS SELF REGULATING CONSERVATION THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SELF IMPOSED COVENANTS MEANS THAT MOST OF THE UNLISTED BUILDINGS LOOK AS IMPRESSIVE AS THE LISTED ONES 4HROUGH STRICT REPAINTING SCHEMES AND MAINTENANCE THE HOUSES STILL SEEM TO BE STANDING THE TEST OF TIME $EMOCRATIC SELF REGULATION KEEPS EVERYONE ON BOARD AND THE SENSE OF COMMUNITY FELT BY RESIDENTS REMAINS STRONG %VEN IF THE STYLE AND TYPE OF HOUSES FELL FROM FAVOUR IN THE MASS MARKET IT SEEMS THE RESIDENTS NEVER LOST FAITH OR PRIDE 7ITH HINDSIGHT IT IS HARD NOT TO BE STRUCK BY THE POETIC IRONIES OF THE 3PAN STORY )N THE IMMEDIATE POST WAR ERA 3PAN CHALLENGED THE OLD GUARD WITH UNASHAMEDLY MODERN DESIGN AND HIGH DENSITIES )N A SMALL WAY IT HERALDED THE PRIVATE SECTOR S MOVEMENT AWAY FROM THE BLANDNESS OF THE INTER WAR SUBURBS .ICK #OLLINS IS CONSERVATION OFFICER AT THE ,ONDON "OROUGH OF "ROMLEY AND A 3PAN RESIDENT IN "LACKHEATH ,ONDON WWW SPAN KENT CO UK )N %RIC ,YONS SAID OF THE SCULPTURE @IF IT IS NOT A GOOD LIKENESS IT IS ROUGHLY THE WAY ) FEEL AT TIMES -ANY OF THE DISTINCTIVE BUILDING DESIGNS AND MATERIALS POPULARISED BY 3PAN SUCH AS THE VERTICAL TILE HANGING AT FIRST FLOOR LEVEL AND CLERESTORY GLAZING LIGHTING THE CENTRE OF THE HOUSES WENT ON TO BECOME OFT ADOPTED SOMEWHAT HACKNEYED FEATURES ON BOTH LOCAL AUTHORITY AND OTHER PRIVATE DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE S &ACED WITH THIS LOSS OF ATTENTION TO DETAIL AND QUALITY AND EVER CHANGING TASTES THE STYLE AND IDEALS PIONEERED SO SUCCESSFULLY BY 3PAN FELL FROM GRACE %FFECTIVELY FOR YEARS THEY WERE THE VICTIM OF MASS DISLIKE AND DISTRUST OF @MODERN ARCHITECTURE 4HE SUCCESS OF 3PAN CAN BE PINPOINTED TO THREE KEY FACTORS A DESIGN LED APPROACH LANDSCAPE SETTING AND THE IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT 4HE STRICT COVENANTS MEAN THAT THE ARCHITECTURAL INTEGRITY AND UNDERSTATED 7E SEEM TO HAVE COME FULL CIRCLE 7ITH A NEW DRIVE TO IMPROVE HOUSE DESIGN AND BUILD QUALITY THROUGH ORGANISATIONS SUCH AS #!"% PERHAPS THE 3PAN IDEALS ARE MORE THAN HISTORY -AYBE THEY CAN INSPIRE HOUSING IN THE NEXT YEARS TOO $ALE #LOSE "LACKHEATH +EITH 'ODWIN S SCULPTURE @4HE ARCHITECT IN SOCIETY AT (ALLGATE @)T IS ROUGHLY THE WAY ) FEEL %RIC ,YONS SAID 4HE (ALL "LACKHEATH 4HE ,ANE "LACKHEATH
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