Context 164 - May 2020

C O N T E X T 1 6 4 : M A Y 2 0 2 0 53 illustrated by interesting examples, varying in scale and nature of buildings, areas and cities as well as different conservation issues. This part is concluded by a chapter making the point that many degrees of interventions may be applied within the same building according to different situations, values and issues. The rationale is illustrated by the post-fire restoration at Windsor Castle. Living Buildings is philosophy of conservation without long-winded arguments. It advocates principles of conservation, distilling 50 years of conservation practice. The book is generously illustrated by crisp photographs, explanatory drawings and sketches, with some fabulous hand-drawn axonometrics. The text is full of wise words of advice on approaches, methods and techniques for understanding historic buildings, and finding out their defects and addressing them, while keeping in mind the needs of their owners. Hossam Mahdy, international freelance consultant on the conservation of built heritage Slim pickings Modernist Architecture: international concepts come to Britain Keith Hasted, Crowood Press, 2019, 158 pages, 152 colour illustrations and line drawings, ISBN 978 1 785006 19 7, £22.50 Over many years writers have explored the sources for British architecture and design in the 20th century, citing the interplay of native traditions and the international modern movement to produce a range of modernisms. Nikolaus Pevsner’s Pioneers of the Modern Movement , published in 1936, championed modern architecture, the genesis of which he traced back to Pugin, Ruskin and William Morris, via Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus, which he linked with values of truth, honesty and faith in technology. In 1977 David Watkin launched an attack on Pevsner and the notion that ‘modern’ and ‘good’ were synonymous; while subsequent architectural historians, including Alan Powers, have shown how British modernism has been at its most radical when ethical values such as compassion and conscience have been at the forefront, rather than aesthetics. Keith Hasted, author of Modernist Architecture , avoids these theoretical concerns of 20th century architects and their clients, and focuses largely on matters of style, seeking to identify aspects of modernism abroad that have influenced British architecture. He starts with the Chicago School of the 1890s, moving on to Frank Lloyd Wright, followed by Europe between the world wars, and ending with Mies van der Rohe in the USA. The chapters on America and Europe are interspersed with ones that trace developing trends in British modernism from Norman Shaw and Lutyens to Wells Coates, Lubetkin and Erno Goldfinger; the final two chapters include the Festival of Britain, brutalism, Coventry Cathedral and Bankside Power Station, Miesian purity, post-modernism, high tech, neoclassicism and deconstructivism. The task of covering so many buildings and architects in a slim volume means that there is little scope for analysis. Familiarity with un-illustrated projects is taken for granted, and there is often no explanation why buildings that are featured have been chosen to advance the author’s case for international influence. Japan, Scandinavia, Italy and South America get no mention. Many architects make an appearance, and each one who is mentioned is afforded two or three sentences telling us when and where they were born, which architectural school they attended and the highlights of their career. This interrupts the flow, giving the book a repetitive form that could have been avoided by the use of an appendix. The illustrations, apart from the author’s skeletal drawings, however, are generally informative. Britain remains a culturally conservative country, where modernism is still treated with hostility, and it was John Summerson’s view that British culture needs a periodic injection of foreign logic to stimulate original thought and debate. Keith Hasted’s book presents a wide range of buildings that have undoubtedly influenced British modernism, but without the shifting background of social, political and economic concerns, its contribution to a deeper understanding of British modernism is limited. Peter de Figueiredo OTHER BOOKS RECEIVED Reviewed by Context’s reviews editor, Peter de Figueiredo Kempe: the life, art and legacy of Charles Eamer Kempe Adrian Barlow, Lutterworth Press, 2018, 312 pages, black and white and colour illustrations, softback, ISBN 978 0 718894 63 4, £25 CE Kempe is one of the most important figures in late Victorian and Edwardian church art, and this study of his work has been long awaited. Emerging from the arts- and-crafts movement, the Kempe style can be found in churches across the UK and worldwide, and relied on the circle of artists and craftsmen who were inspired by and interpreted his designs. Known