50 C O N T E X T 1 4 9 : M A Y 2 0 1 7 Book reviews Heroes and villains Mr Barry’s War Caroline Shenton, Oxford University Press, 2016, 288 pages, 42 black & white illustrations, 13 colour plates, ISBN 978 0 19870 71 9, £25 This is the account of Charles Barry’s monumental struggle with byzantine bureaucracy and highly opinionated MPs and peers to achieve in stone and wood the building for which he won that famous architectural competition after the destruction by fire of the medieval Palace of Westminster in 1834. It is a story that has been related previously, notably in Sir Barnett Cocks’ Mid-Victorian Masterpiece (1977). Caroline Shenton’s re-telling is in quite a different style, which may be said to equate with a literary version of a drama-documentary or biopic. The relationship between Barry and Augustus Pugin, his art architect, is treated extensively and sympathetically, and the interactions of the government department (the Office ofWoods and Forests, here for some reason truncated to Office ofWoods), the hapless architects, and the often contradictory committees of the two separate Houses, are well rehearsed. Any major building or project to be paid for out of the public purse may attract controversy, and of course that applies in trumps to a building to be occupied by those very guardians of public money themselves. It was seen in our own time in the building of the Scottish parliament. Caroline Shenton deals very thoroughly with this sometimes forgotten aspect of building the Palace of Westminster. Heroes and villains are as much part of this narrative as any detective story. The interposition of the selfstyled heating and ventilation expert, Dr David Boswell Reid, is dealt with as the terrible irritation and waste of money it was. The relief of Barry in a letter when Reid was dismissed, quoted by Shenton, becomes as palpable to the reader as it did to Sir Charles: ‘it will add at least 10 years to my life’. It did not. As the author relates, Barry died of a stroke in 1860, only seven years later. A major strength of a work of such depth of research as this should be its illustrations. Unfortunately, that is not the case here. Many of the black-andwhite engravings, architectural drawings and facsimiles are printed in the text block, many in too small a format, and are made unclear or in some cases spoiled, by bleed-through of the text below on the unsuitable paper.There is a central art section on coated paper for the colour illustrations, but here again the author has been let down by her designer: the format of most of the plates is simply too small, and the wide margins waste a great deal of the pages. In all, this is a very worthwhile addition to the bookshelves of aficionados of Victorian design and architecture, and those fascinated by the Palace, which so swiftly became a symbol not only of parliamentary democracy, but of Britain itself. It is also a cautionary tale for any practitioner who may have to work for public institutions. Chris Pond, who worked for 35 years at Parliament, is now an independent historical and architectural writer. Set in stone The Hero Building: an architecture of Scottish national identity Johnny Rodger, Routledge, 242 pages, 91 black & white illustrations, hardback, 2015, ISBN 978 1 472452 71 9, £67.99 Johnny Rodger, writer and critic, is professor of urban literature at the Glasgow School of Art. He is author of monographs on late-20th century architecture in Glasgow (1999) and Edinburgh (2002), the modernist phase of the practice of Gillespie, Kidd and Coia (2007) and, most recently, Disappearing Glasgow: a photographic journey (2017, with photographer Chris Leslie), recording the progressive demolition of that city’s contentious post-war, high-rise housing estates. Expanding on this mid-to-late-20thcentury bias, The Hero Building: an architecture of Scottish national identity is an exploration of the distinctive role of large-scale, commemorative, monumental structures, from the late-18th to early-20th centuries, in proclaiming a cultural identity for Scotland. The underlying thesis, that the timing and spectrum of this hero building manifests a specific architectural tradition, is examined through the choice of subject matter and the stylistic idioms to symbolise them, alongside the evolution of social and national consciousness, and the politics involved in their erection and continuing recognition. Rodger’s crossdisciplinary approach owes much to the insights he provides into relationships with literary and critical interpretations of history, and has resonance with debates about national identity in Scotland today. Rodger’s selection of monuments relies mostly on the familiar. Chronologically, it begins with Robert Adam’s 1778 monument to the Scottish enlightenment philosopher David Hume, and progresses to William Playfair’s unfinished National Monument (1826–29) – both on Calton Hill – envisioned to commemorate the fallen in the Napoleonic wars.
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